Outrage in Israel

וּבְנֵ֨י יַעֲקֹ֜ב בָּ֤אוּ מִן־הַשָּׂדֶה֙ כְּשׇׁמְעָ֔ם וַיִּֽתְעַצְּבוּ֙ הָֽאֲנָשִׁ֔ים וַיִּ֥חַר לָהֶ֖ם מְאֹ֑ד כִּֽי־נְבָלָ֞ה עָשָׂ֣ה בְיִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל לִשְׁכַּב֙ אֶת־בַּֽת־יַעֲקֹ֔ב וְכֵ֖ן לֹ֥א יֵעָשֶֽׂה׃
Meanwhile Jacob’s sons, having heard the news, came in from the field. They were distressed and very angry, because he had committed an outrage in Israel by lying with Jacob’s daughter – a thing not to be done.

One commentary notes something fascinating here. There is no “nation of Israel” yet. At this time in the narrative, Israel is not a place. Israel is a man named Jacob.

Yet we only see the outrage in the sons of Jacob, and not in Jacob himself. Jacob does not speak at at all in the text until the end of the chapter, when he complains that Simeon and Levi have brought trouble upon him by making him an enemy of the Canaanites.

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