Wicked Shechem

When Shechem son of Hamor the Hivite, the ruler of that area, saw her, he took her and raped her. His heart was drawn to Dinah daughter of Jacob; he loved the young woman and spoke tenderly to her.
Genesis 34:2-3 (NIV)

Genesis describes Shechem as an incredibly bad man. After forcing himself on Dinah, he “spoke tenderly to her,” which is precisely the kind of thing a serial abuser does.

But it’s even worse than that. The oldest rabbinical traditions hold that Dinah is only 8 years old here.

There is nothing new under the sun.

In the Jewish commentaries, Rashi is explicit. He says “lay with her” is the natural way one lies with another. “Violated her” is the unnatural way. This passage should turn your stomach. You should feel the wrath that the brothers feel. That’s the point.

Interestingly, the Midrash contains a story that suggests that Dinah is later given in marriage as Job’s second wife. This tradition likely stems from a strong desire to see her restored, and places her next to a man of great honor. While I don’t believe that “being married to Job” is the highest possible calling for a woman, I can at least nod at the attempt to make her whole.

Esau’s Wandering Eye

וַיִּשָּׂ֣א אֶת־עֵינָ֗יו וַיַּ֤רְא אֶת־הַנָּשִׁים֙ וְאֶת־הַיְלָדִ֔ים וַיֹּ֖אמֶר מִי־אֵ֣לֶּה לָּ֑ךְ וַיֹּאמַ֕ר הַיְלָדִ֕ים אֲשֶׁר־חָנַ֥ן אֱלֹהִ֖ים אֶת־עַבְדֶּֽךָ׃
Looking about, he saw the women and the children. “Who,” he asked, “are these with you?” He answered, “The children with whom God has favored your servant.”
Genesis 33:5 (Revised JPS, 2023)

There are so many little hints regarding how Jacob feels about Esau regarding women. It appears that Jacob believes Esau is unsafe around them. First, the text hides Dinah back in the previous chapter. Here, Jacob evades Esau’s question about the women and only answers regarding the children.

It’s fascinating.

Jacob’s 11 Sons

And he arose that night and took his two wives, his two female servants, and his eleven sons, and crossed over the ford of Jabbok.
Genesis 32:22 (NKJV)

Normally, when the Hebrew language says “men” or “sons,” the collective noun can also mean “men and women” and “sons and daughters.” But when the collective noun has a numeric descriptor (ELEVEN sons), it is specifically addressing the sons and not the daughters.
Here, the rabbis note that this text has specifically EXCLUDED Dinah.

Where is she?

It’s unclear, but one view is that Jacob has hidden her in a basket so that Esau does not see her. If we are meant to view Esau as a symbol of wickedness and lustful cravings, it would make sense that Jacob would hide his daughter from his brother.

It’s an interesting perspective. A subsequent view takes it further and suggests that this may be a nod to the horror of Genesis 34. Jacob wanted to shield her, but the thing he feared happens anyway.

Dinah

Afterward she gave birth to a daughter, and named her Dinah.
Genesis 30:21 (NASB)

Of Rachel and Leah’s children in Genesis 30, Dinah is the only girl. While this is notable, the rabbis also notice that Dinah is the only child for whom the phrase “and she conceived” is omitted.

One possible reason is that Dinah is Zebulun’s twin sister, and that the conception mentioned in verse 19 covers both siblings.

Also notable: Dinah’s name is not explained. It means “judgement.”